Mengungkap Interaksi Tanah-Struktur: Analisis Komparatif Perilaku Struktur Gorong-gorong Kotak pada Kondisi Penopang Kaku dan Penopang Pegas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58466/gh8vdg82Kata Kunci:
Box Culvert, Soil–Structure Interaction, Subgrade Reaction, Spring Support, Finite Element Analysis (FEA)Abstrak
Gerbang kotak merupakan elemen infrastruktur penting yang secara rutin mengalami fenomena interaksi tanah-struktur yang kompleks. Pendekatan konvensional yang mengasumsikan penyangga pondasi kaku sering kali menyebabkan distribusi gaya internal yang tidak realistis, yang berpotensi menghasilkan desain yang terlalu konservatif atau justru tidak konservatif hingga berbahaya. Penelitian ini menyelidiki perilaku struktural gerbang kotak beton bertulang dengan membandingkan model penyangga yang sepenuhnya kaku terhadap model reaksi lapisan tanah dasar yang memanfaatkan penempatan pegas. Secara khusus, analisis ini mengevaluasi variasi momen lentur maksimum (Mmax), gaya aksial (Pmax), gaya geser maksimum (Vmax), dan defleksi (Δ) pada pelat atas, dinding vertikal, dan pelat bawah. Model pegas tersebut selanjutnya dibedakan menjadi tiga konfigurasi: pegas tanpa sambungan kaku, pegas dengan 4 sambungan kaku, dan pegas dengan 8 sambungan kaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peralihan dari penyangga kaku ke penyangga pegas secara mendasar mengubah distribusi beban, yang secara signifikan mengurangi gaya aksial pelat bawah dari 135,94 kN menjadi 0,00 kN pada kasus ekstrem, sekaligus memodifikasi profil gaya geser dan momen di seluruh struktur. Penggunaan sambungan kaku menunjukkan efek stabilisasi, yang secara akurat meniru penahanan tanah yang realistis sekaligus mencegah konsentrasi tegangan lokal. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi para insinyur yang ingin mengoptimalkan desain gorong-gorong kotak dengan memodelkan reaksi lapisan tanah secara akurat.
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