Analysis of Liquefaction Potential in Sand Layers Using the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58466/0sqpw749Keywords:
li, liquefaction, SPT, safety factor, sandy soilAbstract
Liquefaction is one of the dangerous geotechnical phenomena that often occurs due to earthquakes, especially in saturated sandy soils that are not cohesive. Although the area of Langsa City, Aceh is classified as having relatively low seismic activity, the condition of the water-saturated soil still makes it vulnerable to this phenomenon. This study aims to analyze the potential for liquefaction at the Langsa Depot Project site using the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) method. The method used involves correcting the value of N-SPT to N1(60), then the calculation of the Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR), Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR), and Safety Factor (FS) based on the. SPT data was obtained from one drill point with a depth of 50.5 meters and combined with regional seismic data (magnitude 5.1 SR and earthquake acceleration of 0.2 g). The results of the study showed three layers of silty sand that were the focus of the analysis, namely at depths of 6–8 m, 28–35 m, and 48–49 m. The first layer has an FS value of > 1 (1.083 – 1.168) which indicates that this layer does not have the potential for liquefaction, for the second layer has an FS value of > 1 (1.817 – 1.899), so it is declared not to have the potential for liquefaction and is categorized as safe, and the third layer has an FS value of > 1 which is (2.012) is also declared safe from potential liquefaction. These findings confirm the importance of liquefaction evaluation for safe geotechnical design. The study concluded that the project site has two zones that are vulnerable to liquefaction and require mitigation.
Keywords: liquefaction, SPT, safety factor, sandy soil
References
S. L. Kramer, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, 1996.
K. Terzaghi, R. B. Peck, and G. Mesri, Soil Mechanics In Engineering Practice, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1943. doi: 10158-0012.
I. M. Idriss and R. . Boulanger, Soil Liquefacion During Earthquakes, MNO-12. United States: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 2008.
I. M. Idriss and B. H. Seed, “Simplified Procedure for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Potential,” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 1249–1273, 1970.
P. A. M. Agung, M. F. R. Hasan, A. P. Dwiyasa, A. Susilo, and E. A. Suryo, “Slope Failure Lines Analysis to Determine Landslide Potential Based on Standard Penetration Test Method,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 1351, no. 012029, 2024, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1351/1/012029.
P. Pradana, F. Priyulida, and N. E. Lidya, “Analisas Ketahanan Jenis - Jenis Tanah Terhadap Likuifaksi Berbasis Arduino,” J. TEKESNOS, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 166–172, 2021.
P. A. M. Agung, M. A. Ahmad, and M. F. R. Hasan, “Probability Liquefaction On Silty Sand Layer On Central Jakarta,” Int. J. Integr. Eng., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 48–55, 2022, doi: 10.30880/ijie.2022.14.09.007.
P. A. M. Agung, R. Sultan, M. Idris, A. T. Sudjianto, M. A. Ahmad, and M. F. R. Hasan, “Probabilistic of in Situ Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential Based on CPT-Data in Central Jakarta , Indonesia,” Int. J. Sustain. Constr. Eng. Technol., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 241–248, 2023, doi: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.01.021.
T. L. Youd, I. M. Idriss, and R. D. Andrus, “Liquefaction Resistance of Soils : Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER / NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils,” vol. 0241, no. June 2016, 2001, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127.
Standar Nasional Indonesia, “Tata cara perencanaan ketahanan gempa untuk struktur bangunan gedung,” 2019.
P. K. Robertson and C. E. F. Wride, “Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potential using the cone penetration test,” Can. Geotech. J., vol. 35, pp. 442–457, 1998.
B. S. S. C. Liao, A. M. Asce, R. V Whitman, and F. Asce, “Overburden Correction Factors For Spt In Sand, 2 F. ASCE,” J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 373–377, 1986.
J. D. Bray and R. B. Sancio, “Assessment of the Liquefaction Susceptibility of Fine-Grained Soils,” J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 132, no. 9, pp. 1165–1177, 2006, doi: 10.1061/ASCE1090-02412006132:91165.
B. M. Das, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 7th ed. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2010.
K. O. Cetin et al., “Standard Penetration Test-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential,” J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 130, no. 12, pp. 1314–1340, 2004, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:12(1314).
