KELAYAKAN INVESTASI SPKLU ULTRA FAST CHARGING BAKAUHENI-TERBANGGI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58466/ekv7ha54Kata Kunci:
SPKLU, Kelayakan Finansial, Ultra Fast Charging, Analisis Sensitivitas, Kendaraan ListrikAbstrak
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kelayakan finansial dan sensitivitas risiko pembangunan dua unit Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum (SPKLU) ultra fast charging berkapasitas 100 kW pada koridor Tol Bakauheni-Terbanggi Besar. Kajian ini penting karena transisi kendaraan listrik di Indonesia membutuhkan infrastruktur pengisian daya yang andal pada koridor perjalanan antarkota, sementara fasilitas ultra fast charging di Sumatera masih terbatas. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif berbasis data sekunder dari laporan lalu lintas, referensi tarif PLN, data BPS, dan proyeksi kendaraan listrik. Analisis dilakukan dengan Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period, serta skenario sensitivitas berdasarkan okupansi charger dan tarif listrik. Investasi awal diperkirakan sebesar Rp2,167 miliar. Skenario pesimis dengan 12 kendaraan per hari menghasilkan IRR 6,33% dan Payback Period 6,73 tahun sehingga belum menarik secara finansial. Skenario moderat dan optimis menghasilkan IRR masing-masing 16,14% dan 34,81%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proyek layak pada kondisi moderat dan optimis, tetapi memerlukan pengembangan bertahap, mitigasi risiko operasional, dan pengelolaan risiko tarif.
Unduhan
Referensi
[1] A. Ajanovic and R. Haas, "Dissemination of electric vehicles in urban areas: Major factors for success," Energy, vol. 115, pp. 1451-1458, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.040.
[2] M. Coffman, P. Bernstein, and S. Wee, "Electric vehicles revisited: A review of factors that affect adoption," Transport Reviews, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 79-93, 2017, doi: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1217282.
[3] W. Sierzchula, S. Bakker, K. Maat, and B. van Wee, "The influence of financial incentives and other socio-economic factors on electric vehicle adoption," Energy Policy, vol. 68, pp. 183-194, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.01.043.
[4] S. Hardman, A. Jenn, G. Tal, J. Axsen, G. Beard, N. Daina, et al., "A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure," Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 62, pp. 508-523, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2018.04.002.
[5] Y.-Y. Wang, Y.-Y. Chi, J.-H. Xu, and J.-L. Li, "Consumer preferences for electric vehicle charging infrastructure based on the text mining method," Energies, vol. 14, no. 15, p. 4598, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14154598.
[6] H. Liu, Y. Li, C. Zhang, J. Li, X. Li, and Y. Zhao, "Electric vehicle charging station location model considering charging choice behavior and range anxiety," Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 4213, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su14074213.
[7] P. Morrissey, P. Weldon, and M. O'Mahony, "Future standard and fast charging infrastructure planning: An analysis of electric vehicle charging behaviour," Energy Policy, vol. 89, pp. 257-270, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2015.12.001.
[8] A. Schroeder and T. Traber, "The economics of fast charging infrastructure for electric vehicles," Energy Policy, vol. 43, pp. 136-144, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.12.041.
[9] C. Madina, I. Zamora, and E. Zabala, "Methodology for assessing electric vehicle charging infrastructure business models," Energy Policy, vol. 89, pp. 284-293, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2015.12.007.
[10] Z. Dobrowolski and G. Drozdowski, "Does the net present value as a financial metric fit investment in green energy security?" Energies, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 353, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15010353.
[11] M. V. Sokolov, "NPV, IRR, PI, PP, and DPP: A unified view," Journal of Mathematical Economics, vol. 114, p. 102992, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jmateco.2024.102992.
[12] D. A. Mellichamp, "Internal rate of return: Good and bad features, and a new way of interpreting the historic measure," Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 106, pp. 396-406, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.06.005.
[13] A. Awasthi, K. Venkitusamy, S. Padmanaban, R. Selvamuthukumaran, F. Blaabjerg, and A. K. Singh, "Optimal planning of electric vehicle charging station at the distribution system using hybrid optimization algorithm," Energy, vol. 133, pp. 70-78, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.094.
[14] E. Wood, C. Rames, M. Muratori, S. Raghavan, and M. Melaina, National Plug-In Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Analysis. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2017, doi: 10.2172/1393792.
[15] D. Xu, W. Pei, and Q. Zhang, "Optimal planning of electric vehicle charging stations considering user satisfaction and charging convenience," Energies, vol. 15, no. 14, p. 5027, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15145027.
[16] N. Shahraki, H. Cai, M. Turkay, and M. Xu, "Optimal locations of electric public charging stations using real world vehicle travel patterns," Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 41, pp. 165-176, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2015.09.011.
[17] P. Sadeghi-Barzani, A. Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, and H. Kazemi-Karegar, "Optimal fast charging station placing and sizing," Applied Energy, vol. 125, pp. 289-299, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.077.
[18] W. Tu, Q. Li, Z. Fang, S.-L. Shaw, B. Zhou, and X. Chang, "Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial-temporal demand coverage approach," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 65, pp. 172-189, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2015.10.004.
[19] T. Unterluggauer, J. Rich, P. B. Andersen, and S. Hashemi, "Electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning for integrated transportation and power distribution networks: A review," eTransportation, vol. 12, p. 100163, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.etran.2022.100163.
[20] J. Johnson, T. Berg, B. Anderson, and B. Wright, "Review of electric vehicle charger cybersecurity vulnerabilities, potential impacts, and defenses," Energies, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 3931, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15113931.
[21] Z. Garofalaki, D. Kosmanos, S. Moschoyiannis, D. Kallergis, and C. Douligeris, "Electric vehicle charging: A survey on the security issues and challenges of the open charge point protocol (OCPP)," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1504-1533, 2022, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2022.3184448.
[22] S. R. Kirchner, "OCPP interoperability: A unified future of charging," World Electric Vehicle Journal, vol. 15, no. 5, p. 191, 2024, doi: 10.3390/wevj15050191.
[23] International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2023: Catching up with Climate Ambitions. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2023, doi: 10.1787/cbe724e8-en.
[26] Arif, M., Prabowo, E., & YASSER, R. (2025). Studi Kelayakan PLTS Off-Grid untuk Substitusi Auxiliary Power pada Sistem WTP PLTU Malinau 2X3 MW (Doctoral dissertation, IT PLN).
[27] Anggara, A., Prabowo, E., & Indarto, A. (2025). Studi Kelayakan Finansial Plts On-Grid Untuk Auxiliary Power Pada Pemakaian Sendiri Gardu Induk Tangerang Lama (Doctoral dissertation, IT PLN).
[28] Mr, A., & Prabowo, E. (2025). Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Layanan Pengisian Daya di Rumah (Home Charging Services) Dalam Mendukung Ekosistem Kendaraan Listrik: Studi Kasus PLN UID Riau dan Kepulauan Riau (Doctoral dissertation, ITPLN).
[29] Nugraha, D. A. H., & Prabowo, E. (2026). STUDI KELAYAKAN PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI V2G PADA BUS LISTRIK TRANSJAKARTA DALAM MENDUKUNG NET ZERO EMISSION 2060 (Doctoral dissertation, Institut Teknologi PLN).
[30] Prabowo, E. (2026). KELAYAKAN TEKNO-EKONOMI PLTSA INSINERASI 10 MW DI TPA TERJUN KOTA MEDAN. Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal, 3(04 April), 1771-1779.
[31] Abdurrohman, M. Z., Batih, H., & Prabowo, E. (2023). Analisis Kelayakan PLTS Atap Menggunakan Metode Real Option dengan Pemanfaatan Insentif Pendanaan: Studi Kasus SMA Future Gate. Dinamika Rekayasa, 19(1), 19-28.
[32] Siregar, W. N. N., & Prabowo, E. (2023). Business Design Of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations For Trans Java Cikampek–Surabaya Toll With The Dynamic System Approach. Jurnal IPTEK, 27(1), 37-50.
[32] Ariansyah Putra, M., & Prabowo, E. (2024). Analisis Kelayakan Proyek Pembangunan Pusat Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) Apung Tembesi 40 MWp di Sistem Kelistrikan Batam–Bintan (Doctoral dissertation, IT PLN).
[33] Jaenuddin, M. R., Prabowo, E., & Jaenuddin, N. (2025). Studi Kelayakan Pemasangan Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum (SPKLU) di Wilayah Kota Makassar. Journal of Syntax Literate, 10(12).
[34] Putra, M. A., & Prabowo, E. (2026). Feasibility Analysis of the 40 MWp Tembesi Floating Solar Power Plant Development Project. Journal La Multiapp, 7(2), 511-524.
